Understanding the Highs and Lows of Bipolar Disorder

Living with bipolar disorder can often feel like riding an emotional rollercoaster with unpredictable twists and turns. Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, affects a person’s mood, energy levels, and ability to engage in daily life. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience extreme fluctuations between periods of intense mania or hypomania (highs) and periods of deep depression (lows).

The Highs: Signs and Symptoms

Manic or hypomanic episodes characterize the highs in bipolar disorder. During these periods, individuals may feel an intense surge of energy, creativity, and euphoria. Some common signs and symptoms of the highs include:

• Elevated mood. An excessively cheerful or irritable mood that is beyond the person’s usual behavior.
• Increased energy. A burst of energy and heightened enthusiasm, often leading to increased productivity and goal-directed activities.
• Decreased need for sleep. Needing less sleep but maintaining a high level of energy.
• Racing thoughts. Having rapid and uncontrollable thoughts that make concentration and focus challenging.
• Impulsivity. Engaging in risky behaviors such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or substance abuse without considering the consequences.

The Lows: Signs and Symptoms

Conversely, depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are marked by overwhelming feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. The lows can be just as challenging, if not more so, than the highs. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Persistent sadness. A deep and prolonged feeling of sadness, often accompanied by episodes of tearfulness.
• Fatigue and low energy. A lack of energy and motivation, making even simple tasks seem impossible. Feeling fatigued beyond the typical feeling of just being tired.
• Difficulty concentrating. Poor concentration and memory, leading to difficulties in making decisions or completing tasks.
• Changes in sleep patterns. Insomnia or hypersomnia, where individuals may struggle to sleep or find themselves sleeping excessively.
• Loss of interest. A reduced interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. The individual may be withdrawn and isolate themselves from friends and family.

Warning Signs of a Bipolar Episode

Recognizing the warning signs of an impending bipolar episode is crucial for managing the condition effectively. Those closest to the individual may notice the signs before the person realizes something is wrong. While each person’s experience may vary, common indicators include:

• Changes in sleep patterns
• Unexplained changes in energy levels 
• Alterations in thought patterns 
• Fluctuating moods 
• Impaired judgment 

What is a Mixed Episode?

A mixed episode, unique to bipolar disorder, combines elements of both mania and depression simultaneously. This complex state can manifest as agitation, irritability, restlessness, and heightened energy alongside feelings of despair and hopelessness. Recognizing the signs of a mixed episode is essential for prompt intervention and effective management.

Types of Treatment Options

While bipolar disorder is a challenging, lifelong mental health condition, it is highly manageable with appropriate treatment. Various treatment options are available, often tailored to the individual’s needs and severity of the disorder. These may include:

• Medication. Certain types of medications, such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants, may be prescribed to help stabilize mood and manage symptoms.
• Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation can be valuable tools for individuals with bipolar disorder, helping them understand and manage their condition.
• Lifestyle changes. Making lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and getting adequate sleep, can often help in stabilizing mood.
• Support groups. Getting involved in support groups with others who share similar experiences can provide emotional support and practical coping strategies.
• Mindfulness and stress reduction. Practicing stress reduction techniques such as meditation and mindfulness can help individuals develop emotional resilience and cope with the challenges of bipolar disorder.
• Inpatient or outpatient treatment. Some individuals may need inpatient or outpatient care to help stabilize their condition and monitor their medication and treatment. 

Living with bipolar disorder is undoubtedly challenging, but with proper understanding, support, and treatment, you can lead a fulfilling life. If you or someone you love is struggling with bipolar disorder, we can help. At Peak Behavioral Health in Santa Teresa, New Mexico, we offer a variety of treatments and services to help those struggling with mental health crises. To learn more about our holistic and personalized approach, please contact us today.